"He is almost as good an astronomer
[age 12] as
he is a mathematician, and for the past few months has been
industriously charting the heavens according to a new system of
his own."—H.
A. Bruce, 1910
*
Letter to Julian Huxley, Monday, August 28, 1916.
(Click.)
"I myself have been writing out that theory of mine regarding the
second law of thermodynamics."
[Age 18]
DARK MATTER CONSISTS OF STARS THAT REVERSE
THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS, THAT IS, THEY BUILD UP HEAT AND DO
NOT EMIT LIGHT.
ASTRONOMERS CONTINUE TO FIND SIDIS'S 3D CHECKERBOARD MODEL
ALMA:
"A HUGE 3D WEB OF INVISIBLE DARK MATTER. This dark matter filamentary
structure is thought to be a progenitor of large scale structures in the
universe."
NASA, ESO:
"NORMAL MATTER IS BUILT INSIDE AN UNDERLYING SCAFFOLDING OF
DARK MATTER.
LARGEST DARK
MATTER MAP MADE SO FAR.
The luminous matter that we can see is housed within the dark matter
structures that we cannot see."
Upper Right:
SIDIS
IRREGULAR 3D CHECKERBOARD MODEL: " ... the negative sections must be
completely surrounded by positive sections ... and any positive section must also be completely surrounded by negative
sections.."
(More follows.)
Related News:
Cosmic Voids Not Empty; Find Dark Matter
with Filament Structure; Detect Axions Emanating from Sun
SIDIS
IRREGULAR 3D CHECKERBOARD?
"The shape of the cluster observed by the Subaru Telescope
indicates the presence of a huge 3D web of invisible dark
matter. The team found that their young monstrous galaxies
seemed to be located right at the intersection of the dark
matter filaments. This dark matter filamentary structure is thought to be
a progenitor of large scale structures in the Universe."
SIDIS
IRREGULAR 3D CHECKERBOARD?
DARK MATTER (BLUE)
SURROUNDING NORMAL
MATTER (GRAY) AND VICE VERSA
—"...
largest sample of the distribution of dark matter ever obtained.
It demonstrates how
normal matter - including stars, galaxies
and gas -
is built inside an underlying scaffolding of dark matter."
SIDIS
IRREGULAR 3D CHECKERBOARD?
(In this inverted-color version of the original map, red is dark
matter, blue is normal matter.)
"The luminous matter that we can see is housed within the dark
matter structures that we cannot see, and this dark matter forms
a cosmic web of filaments, knots, and voids. The new data show
large filaments of dark matter where visible galaxies and galaxy
clusters lie and cosmic voids where very few galaxies reside."
SIDIS
IRREGULAR 3D CHECKERBOARD?
DARK MATTER (BLUE) SURROUNDING NORMAL
MATTER (RED) AND VICE VERSA—This
image is intended to represent the "first tremors of the Big
Bang," but it illustrates the Sidis Model. In this and many of the
images in
MORE DATA,
the blue areas represent the negative, dark-matter sections which
surround the positive, ordinary-matter sections (red). In this
particular diagram we see each type surrounding the other as in
the Sidis Irregular 3D Checkerboard model.
SIDIS
IRREGULAR 3D CHECKERBOARD?
NEGATIVE SECTIONS (DARK MATTER, BLUE) SURROUNDING POSITIVE
SECTIONS (NORMAL
MATTER, RED) AND VICE VERSA—"Starlight
from galaxies ... is colored orange. The green-tinted regions
show hot gas ... blue-colored areas pinpoint the ... dark
matter. ... blend of blue and green in the center of the image
reveals that a clump of dark matter resides near most of the hot
gas ..."
—CONSIST
OF DARK MATTER AND DIM STRUCTURES—16APR2014—"Researchers
at the University of Pennsylvania have measured the "weight" of these
cosmic voids and filaments for the first time, showing the former are not
as empty as they look. ... Dark matter and other dim structures permeate
all the way to the center of the voids."
DISCOVERY OF DARK MATTER WITH FILAMENT STRUCTURE—MAY
BE EVIDENCE THAT DARK MATTER CONSISTS OF DARK STARS—15OCT2012—"
... a team of astronomers has uncovered the presence of a
filament of dark matter extending from the core of the cluster.
The location of the dark matter is revealed in a map of the mass
in the cluster and surrounding region, shown here in blue. The
filament visibly extends out and to the left of the cluster
core.
THIS ANIMATION DESERVES AN AWARD—"Using additional observations from ground-based telescopes, the
team was able to map the filament’s structure in three
dimensions, the first time this has ever been done. The filament
was discovered to extend back from the cluster core, meaning we
are looking along it. ... The significant amount of dark matter
in this cluster, shown in light blue, may be also similar to the
Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall."
MAY BE MORE EVIDENCE THAT DARK MATTER CONSISTS OF DARK STARS—020OCT2014—"It
appears plausible that axions—dark matter particle
candidates—are indeed produced in the core of the Sun."
GALAXIES
ARE DISTRIBUTED IN AN IRREGULAR THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHECKERBOARD OF POSITIVE
AND NEGATIVE SECTIONS
"We
thus find the universe to be made up of a number of what we may
call bricks, alternately positive and negative, all of
approximately the same volume; a sort of three-dimensional
checkerboard, the positive spaces counting as white (giving out
light), and the negative spaces as black (absorbing light)."—The
Animate and the Inanimate, Chap. XII
The shapes of the "brick" sections are made irregular by harmonics
"The irregularity may thus be
of two varieties: either
the medium pair of faces is caved in, and the largest and
smallest bulged out somewhat less; or the largest and
smallest pairs of faces are caved in slightly, and the
medium pair of faces extremely bulged out."—The
Animate and the Inanimate, Chap. XII
A RIGOROUS EXAMINATION OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS LED TO
THE SIDIS MODEL.
" ... we come to the conclusion that the second law and its
reverse are equally probable."—Chapter
4
3-D CHECKERBOARD?
DARK MATTER (BLUE)
SURROUNDING NPRMAL MATTER (RED) AND VICE VERSA. This visualization
from BICEP2 is intended to represent the "first tremors of the Big
Bang," but instead it illustrates well the Sidis Model. The blue areas
represent the negative dark-matter sections, the red the positive
ordinary-matter sections, each type surrounding the other as Sidis
predicted.
SIDIS RE THE STARS
The universe is infinite and eternal.
Stars
exist in an eternal darkstar-lightstar cycle.
Galaxies are distributed throughout the universe in an irregular
three-dimensional checkerboard of ordinary-matter spaces where
they follow the second law of thermodynamics and expend light and
heat, and dark-matter spaces where they reverse the second law of
thermodynamics and build up heat and do not emit light.
Dark matter consists of hot dark stars still in
their galaxies and filaments.
Dark matter makes up 50% of the infinite and eternal universe.
"
...
we come to the conclusion that the second law and its reverse are
equally probable."—Chapter
4
Sidis's
theory is a consequence of the laws of physics, e.g., the first
law of thermodynamics (energy is neither created nor destroyed).
ANIMATIONS OF SIDIS IRREGULAR THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHECKERBOARD MODEL OF
POSITIVE SECTIONS (ORDINARY MATTER) AND NEGATIVE SECTIONS (DARK MATTER),
AND ALMA MODEL OF SAME.
SLOWLY, OVER EPOCHS OF TIME, THE NEGATIVE SECTIONS
BECOME POSITIVE SECTIONS AGAIN AS THEIR STARS FINISH
REVERSING THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS (BUILDING UP HEAT). THEN THEY
BEGIN FOLLOWING THE SECOND LAW EXPENDING LIGHT AND HEAT AGAIN.
MEANWHILE, THE POSITIVE SECTIONS HAVING EXPENDED ALL THEIR HEAT
GO DARK AND BEGIN REVERSING THE SECOND LAW.
Sidis:
" ... the negative sections
must be completely surrounded by positive sections and must therefore be
finite in all directions. By reversing this (since we have seen that all
physical laws are reversible), it follows that any positive section must
also be finite in all directions, and be completely surrounded by
negative sections.."—
DARK MATTER (BLUE) SURROUNDING
NORMAL MATTER (GRAY) AND VICE VERSA
DARK MATTER CONSISTS OF HOT DARK STARS STILL IN
THEIR GALAXIES AND FILAMENTS
"Our previous
consideration on the production of radiant energy from the stars
indicates that such production of radiant energy is only possible
where the second law of thermodynamics is followed, that is, in a
positive section of the universe. In a negative section of the
universe the reverse process must take place; namely, space is
full of radiant energy, presumably produced in the positive
section of space, and the stars use this radiant energy to build
up a higher level of heat. All radiant energy in that section of
space would tend to be absorbed by the stars, which would thus
constitute perfectly black bodies; and very little radiant energy
would be produced in that section of space, but would mostly come
from beyond the boundary surface.
... If we were on the
positive side, as seems to be the case, then we could not see
beyond such surface, though we might easily have gravitational or
other evidence of bodies existing beyond that surface."—The
Animate and the Inanimate, Chap. XII
LIGHTSTAR DARKSTAR
Let's 'oom into to a dark-matter section
A world that's hot and full of dark stars
Still in their galaxies and filaments
Regaining heat and not shining
They've shone brilliantly in the past
And will yet again
Alternating for eternity their
Lightstar and darkstar epochs
―Will Rike
" ... we come to the conclusion that the second law and its
reverse are equally probable."—Chapter
4
SIDIS
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHECKERBOARD?
Sky in our black and white version of the above Hubble
Telescope
composite photo
shows normal matter (WHITE) surrounding dark matter (GRAY).
OPTICAL IMAGE OF NORMAL MATTER
SURROUNDING DARK MATTER:
"DARK MATTER 'JACKET' SURROUNDS GALAXY—
... appears to be encased in a shell of dark matter, ... it appears the
object is massive enough to be a galaxy itself."
HOT DARK MATTER?—"Data
from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory are colored red, showing gas with
temperatures of millions of degrees. In blue is a map showing the total
mass concentration (mostly dark matter) ... ."
"
... galaxies in the cluster make up less than 5 percent of its mass. The
gas (around 20 percent) is so hot that it shines only in X-rays (colored
red in this image). The distribution of invisible dark matter (making up
around 75 percent of the cluster’s mass) is colored here in blue."
HOT DARK MATTER?—"In
this composite image, the hot gas observed with Chandra is colored red,
and the galaxies in the optical image from Hubble appear as mostly white
and yellow. The location of the majority of the matter in the cluster
(dominated by dark matter) is colored blue. When the red and the blue
regions overlap, the result is purple as seen in the image."
HOT DARK MATTER?—"...
hot gas as detected by Chandra is colored red ... starlight from the
individual galaxies (yellow and orange) ... most of the matter in the
cluster (blue) is dominated by dark matter."
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2007/a520/
---------------------
HOT DARK MATTER?—"Hot
gas is shown in an image from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, and
galaxies are shown in an optical image from NASA's Hubble Space
Telescope. The hot gas is color-coded to show temperature, where the
coolest gas is reddish purple, the hottest gas is blue, and the
temperatures in between are purple."
"This composite shows
three different components of the Hubble COSMOS survey:
The normal matter (in red) determined mainly by the
European Space Agency’s XMM/Newton telescope, the dark
matter (in blue) and the stars and galaxies (in grey)
observed in visible light with Hubble."
"Clusters of galaxies
like this one, MCS J0416.1-2403 located in the
constellation of Eridanus, have long been theorized to
be bound by cosmological dark matter."
HOT DARK MATTER?
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM
CONCENTRATIONS OF ENERGY IN A DARKSTAR GALAXY——"The
simulated distribution of dark matter in a Milky
Way-like galaxy for standard, non-interacting dark
matter ... The colours represent the density of dark
matter, with red indicating high-density and blue
indicating low-density."
HOT DARK MATTER? MAXIMUM
AND MINIMUM CONCENTRATIONS OF ENERGY IN A DARKSTAR GALAXY—"Brightness
(blue-to-violet-to-red-to-yellow) corresponds to increasing
concentration of dark matter. The bright central region corresponds
roughly to the Milky Way’s luminous matter of gas and stars, and the
bright clumps indicate dark-matter satellites orbiting our Milky Way
galaxy which are known as 'substructure'."
HOT DARK MATTER?
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM CONCENTRATIONS OF ENERGY IN A DARKSTAR GALAXY—"Diffuse,
hot gas with a temperature of nearly 50 million degrees permeates the
space between the galaxies. The gas emits X-rays, seen as blue in the
image taken with the Chandra X-ray Observatory in November 2003. The X-ray
portion of the image shows enormous holes or cavities in the gas, each
roughly 640,000 light-years in diameter — nearly seven times the diameter
of the Milky Way. The cavities are filled with charged particles gyrating
around magnetic field lines and emitting radio waves shown in the red
portion of image taken with the Very Large Array telescope in New Mexico
in October 2004."
HOT
DARK MATTER? MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM CONCENTRATIONS
OF ENERGY IN A DARKSTAR GALAXY—"Is
this just an unusual cluster, or could it be a sign of
the existence of
'hot'
dark matter?
... Galaxies are represented as peaks, and the central
mountain is the dark matter in between the galaxies. ...
a much smoother and less centrally concentrated
distribution of dark matter in one cluster."
"This figure shows the
number density (red squares) for each brightness of the galaxies derived
from observation in this study. Compared to past observation results (blue
squares), galaxies approximately ten times as dark were detected. The
curve shows the prediction by the theories of galaxy formation."
IN WHICH DIRECTION IS THE 14-BILLION LIGHT-YEAR DISTANCE
TO THE EDGE? LET'S HOPE IT'S NOT THE SAME IN ALL
DIRECTIONS. THAT WOULD PLACE US AT THE CENTER OF THE
UNIVERSE, A CIRCUMSTANCE WITH SUCH A LOW PROBABILITY AS
TO BE NEXT TO IMPOSSIBLE.
THERE is a solitude of space,
A solitude of sea,
A solitude of death, but these
Society shall be,
Compared with that profounder site,
That polar privacy,
A Soul admitted to Itself:
Finite Infinity.
TOKYO: June 2, 2013. Scientists using the ALMA telescope have
discovered 15 previously unidentified, extremely dark galaxies
buried deeply in cosmic dust. ... it is possible that many
galaxies in the universe have been overlooked as much of that
radiation is largely absorbed by cosmic dust, researchers said.
.pdf
video of facility
The idea behind the challenge is to spur
scientists, including those from fields outside astronomy, to come
up with new insight into the problems of measuring dark matter and
dark energy. Contestants are asked to solve galaxy puzzles
involving millions of images from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. A
better understanding of the "dark side of the cosmos" may reveal
new information about the very fabric and fate of our universe.
... The GREAT3 challenge is designed to improve methods for
measuring weak lensing in preparation for future dark matter/dark
energy missions.
DATA
HERE.
NASA JPL,
11/26/
2013
Andrew Fazekas for National Geographic
News—July 11, 2012 Eleven billion light-years away, strange,
dark galaxies nearly devoid of stars have been finally spotted,
according to a new study.Predicted in theory but never before
observed,
these elusive objects
appear to be similar to today's galaxies in that they're rich in
gas. However, without any
stars to light the gas, the galaxies have remained hidden from
view. To find these cosmic ghosts, Cantalupo and colleagues took
advantage of one of the brightest light sources in the cosmos—a
quasar known as HE0109-3518.
nationalgeographic.com/news/2012
Wow! Dark Galaxies of the Early Universe Spotted- jul122012
For the first time, dark galaxies — an early phase of galaxy
formation, predicted by theory but unobserved until now — may have
been spotted.
These objects are essentially
gas-rich galaxies
without stars.—Anne's
Astronomy News
---------------------
VIRGOHI21 is an extended region
of neutral
hydrogen
(HI) in the
Virgo cluster
discovered in 2005.
Analysis of its internal
motion indicates that it may contain a large amount of
dark matter,
as much as a small
galaxy.
Since VIRGOHI21 apparently contains no stars, this would make it
one of the first detected
dark galaxies.
---------------------
11JUL2012
- For the first time,
dark galaxies
— an early phase of galaxy formation, predicted by theory but
unobserved until now — may have been spotted. These objects are
essentially gas-rich galaxies without stars. Using ESO’s Very
Large Telescope, an international team thinks they have detected
these elusive objects by observing them glowing as they are
illuminated by a quasar. Because they are essentially devoid of
stars, these dark galaxies don’t emit much light, making them very
hard to detect. For years astronomers have been trying to develop
new techniques that could confirm the existence of these galaxies.
Small absorption dips in the spectra of background sources of
light have hinted at their existence.
However, this new study
marks the first time that such objects have been seen directly.
Univ. of Cambridge, Institute of
Astronomy, Published on 11/07/2012
---------------------
FEB. 23, 2005—An
international team of astronomers from the UK, France, Italy and
Australia REPORTS first observation of a dark galaxy
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