Another connection in which a city guide book can be of use to the transfer collector is where the guide book lists car routes under a numbering system of its own, where no company numbering or lettering appears on the cars. This supplies a partial basis for a file number code, and helps the collector to systematize the arrangement of his transfers. For example, our own file codes for routes in St. Louis, Kansas City and Rochester, are largely based on the numbering arrangement used in guide books of those cities.

         Maps may also be used to serve as a basis for the collector to make other maps of the same regions which illustrate some special point in connection with transfer collection. The maps of geographical districts and sub-districts to illustrate the file number code are examples of this. See the map of our own District 2 at the end of Appendix A. To a great extent, the desired features on maps can be traced by simply placing a piece of paper over the map and copying the outlines. If a different scale is required than is found on the original map, the best precaution is to see that everything is in the right direction from everything else; for, it all angles are correct, the proportions are also correct. This may be necessary if the collector's map is of a region covered in the atlas or guide by several maps drawn to different scales.

         A collection of maps and guide books can well be kept in a special case or bureau drawer. There is no need for special order in this case. The collector will, of course, choose the maps and guides which are best for his purpose.

        149. Transfer Maps of Systems.  A transfer collector may find it interesting, as well as helpful to his understanding of transfer privileges, to make up his own maps of certain systems or portions of systems, showing routing and transfer points. The less real detail there is on such a map the more comprehensible it is, and the better it serves its purpose. Besides the routes and other such necessary indications (including connecting and transferring routes that may be inserted if required), such a map should be the merest outline, and contain nothing but shore lines and municipal boundaries and other such important markings. Routes should, to save trouble, be marked with the names of the streets they pass through. Differences of coloring may be used to indicate sub-systems, fare zones or subsidiary companies or some other such divisions. Dotted and broken lines, etc., may also be used to advantage, as to indicate zones, connecting and transferring lines, etc. Circles may be used to indicate transfer points; if several different kinds of transferrals are to be indicated, we may also use squares and crosses. The transfer point indication (ring, cross, etc.) may be deliberately placed slightly aside from the junction on the map to indicate certain transfer restrictions; thus, where there is a junction from which routes run north, south, east and west, the circle a bit north of the junction would indicate that transfers are from and to cars on that side of the junction, not from or to cars south of the junction.

         Such maps are useful merely as illustrations, and are otherwise to be kept merely as curiosities. We give here a simple illustration, the map of the Manhattan lines of the Fifth Avenue Coach Company (N. Y. City).

         Such a distribution map, if a large amount of territory is covered, will not quite serve the purpose of a population distribution map, especially allowing for the different varieties of transfer-issuing units and color combinations in different places, as well as places where transfer privileges have been suspended. But on the whole, it will help to indicate how population and traffic are distributed geographically; and it makes small and large cities and population centers are quite easily recognizable.

         Of course, drawing distribution or system maps is not a necessary part of transfer collection, and it is hardly even recommended to collectors; but it is an interesting side line which may help to add interest to the process of collecting transfer forms.

         The below is a sample of such a distribution map for "up-state" New York: that is, New York State north of the immediate vicinity of New York City. It is obvious here that many of the important cities have received their due share of notice on the map in the form of dots, though other important centers of population, such as Utica, have been omitted entirely because not covered in the collection represented. The outline itself was produced by tracing the outlines of an atlas map; location of cities was similarly obtained.

        The above is an illustration of the form for working. Accuracy of data we cannot guarantee. Under the first column "State", are listed the states; under the "City" column, the larger cities of each state. The "Pop." column lists the census population of each city in thousands. "Norm." means the number of car lines there should be with a car index of 1.25. "Dist." means the geographical division and sub-division under the file code. "No. C. L." means the number of car lines in the city, ascertained or estimated; and "Index" is the car index, the "No. C. L." entry divided by the square root of the "Pop." Entry.

        152. Information Leaflets and Time Schedules.  Many systems give out leaflets of information concerning their routing, especially if there has been any change recently made. In some cases such leaflets include an account of transfer regulations. Such information is also sometimes to be found on bulletins placarded at points served by the cars of the system in question. Also in many cases systems, particularly interurban systems, give out time schedules somewhat similar to railroad time tables, which also give a great deal of information concerning routing. It is by all means worth while for the collector of transfers to watch such bulletins, information sheets and time schedules. They all help him pick out places that can be reached within a reasonable time. For the latter purpose it is also well to learn about regular railroad schedules, since many places can be conveniently reached by a trolley trip, stopping over frequently to collect transfers, etc., and requiring a return by railroad.